[1] Nitrogen is supplied in a sufficient amount to provide an equivalent of 5.0 g/L of (NH4)2SO4. For urea (20x) = 2.27 g urea/50 ml; peptone (20x) = 6.56 g/50 ml. Use half urea and half peptone (10x each).

[2] Note: Because arabinose is not fermented and is metabolized slowly, 2 to 4% is sufficient for cultivation, but to be consistent with other carbon sources, we will use the larger amount.

3 Dilute cell suspension so that the OD is between 0.15 and 0.5 OD units and multiply the resulting OD by the dilution to obtain the OD of the suspension. Correlate OD with dry wt of the cell suspension. Typically a 1.0 OD cell suspension has 0.2 to 0.25 mg cells/ml.

[4] [[beta]]-mercaptoethanol is optional, but may be necessary for some activities - especially enzymes that are inactivated by oxygen.

[5] Witterveen, C.F.B., Busink, R.,van de Vondervoort, P., dijkema, C., Swart, K., and Visser, J. 1989. L-arabinose and D-xylose catabolism in Aspergillus niger. J. Gen. Microbiol. 135: 2163-2171.

[6] Wong, B., J.S. Murray, M. Castellanos, and K.D. Croen. 1993. D-arabitol metabolism in Candida albicans: Studies of the biosynthetic pathway and the gene that encodes NAD-dependent D-arabitol dehydrogenase. J. Bacteriol. 175:6314-6320.

7 Witterveen, C.F.B., Busink, R.,van de Vondervoort, P., dijkema, C., Swart, K., and Visser, J. 1989. L-arabinose and D-xylose catabolism in Aspergillus niger. J. Gen. Microbiol. 135: 2163-2171.

[8] Note: Enzyme assays - and especially for kinases and reactions dependent upon NADH oxidation - require controls with and without substrate.

9 Witterveen, C.F.B., Busink, R.,van de Vondervoort, P., dijkema, C., Swart, K., and Visser, J. 1989. L-arabinose and D-xylose catabolism in Aspergillus niger. J. Gen. Microbiol. 135: 2163-2171.

10 Witterveen, C.F.B., Busink, R.,van de Vondervoort, P., dijkema, C., Swart, K., and Visser, J. 1989. L-arabinose and D-xylose catabolism in Aspergillus niger. J. Gen. Microbiol. 135: 2163-2171.

11 Wong, B., J.S. Murray, M. Castellanos, and K.D. Croen. 1993. D-arabitol metabolism in Candida albicans: Studies of the biosynthetic pathway and the gene that encodes NAD-dependent D-arabitol dehydrogenase. J. Bacteriol. 175:6314-6320.